Generally accepted definition of emphysema

For a patient with a tumor growing emphysema, >> << matters related to LVRS simplified. Length and extent of the benefits of LVRS

a little attention. Serious concern is

, that lung cancer can be removed surgically without postoperative >> << mechanical ventilation and mortality. The secondary factor is the potential long-term

postoperative respiratory complications. These risks

can be evaluated by the anatomical location of lung cancer

, and basic physiology lasix 150 mg of emphysema. Although many patients with emphysema is diffuse involvement

all of the lung, most patients will show

differential destruction of the apical lung. Both gas and storage

hypoperfusion light peaks characterize the apical dominance >> << this type of emphysema. Resection >> << dysfunctional apical lung tissue relatively well tolerated, as the apical parts >> << contribute little or nothing of gas exchange. In selected >> << patients, reducing the total volume of lung resection is the top

some useful effects. First, the decline in lung tissue

allows distended chest wall and diaphragm to return to more normal anatomical position

. Advancement of the chest wall and diaphragm

can lead to significant improvements in mechanical ventilation.

Second, the less light more efficiently cables

small airways, leading to an increase in expiratory air. Thus, the patient

with apical emphysema and lung cancer in the upper lobe is

potential candidates for surgical resection (

). In addition to the anatomical location of tumors, an important factor >> << are the main cause of airway obstruction. The vast majority of >> << emphysema in patients with airway obstruction, which

reflects their relatively slow exhalation (

such as low

FEV). Generally accepted definition of emphysema >> << suggest that expiratory flow limitation caused by the collapse

floppy airway. Advanced, floppy airways are

mechanism limiting the flow in most patients. There is evidence

however, that some patients have a different mechanism

expiratory flow limitation. These patients appear to be >> << have a high resistance to airway inflammation or scarring secondary. Despite the two different mechanisms airway obstruction in patients with emphysema >> << to distinguish expiratory spirometry.

Practical clinical problem is that patients with dilated and floppy >> << airways have the capacity to respond to LVRS. Unlike patients with

fixed small airways appear or benefit and may worsen for

decline in lung. To distinguish between these two groups

patients, Ingenito and colleagues at Brigham

and

WomenBЂ ™ s Hospital study airway obstruction during inspiration and

and duration. Patients with scarred small airways will

expected to have high stability both during inhalation and

term. Patients with floppy airways would be expected to

airway obstruction limited duration. Early clinical results

supports these predictions. .